Linearizability of Systems of Ordinary Differential Equations Obtained by Complex Symmetry Analysis

Five equivalence classes had been found for systems of two second-order ordinary differential equations, transformable to linear equations (linearizable systems) by a change of variables. An "optimal (or simplest) canonical form" of linear systems had been established to obtain the symmetry structure, namely with 5, 6, 7, 8 and 15 dimensional Lie algebras. For those systems that arise from a scalar complex second-order ordinary differential equation, treated as a pair of real ordinary differential equations, a "reduced optimal canonical form" is obtained. This form yields three of the five equivalence classes of linearizable systems of two dimensions. We show that there exist 6, 7 and 15-dimensional algebras for these systems and illustrate our results with examples

EFFICIENT MARKETING OF BLUEBERRIES IN MISSISSIPPI AND LOUISIANA

Fresh blueberries are sold through a marketing cooperative of the blueberry industry in Mississippi and Louisiana. Blueberry producers have numerous alternatives in assembling blueberries, and the cooperative needs to know the costs of different systems for assembling berries in order to provide better services to its members. The main objective of this study was to determine an efficient system for handling blueberries in Mississippi and Louisiana. Sixteen models with different combinations of drop stations and shipping points were evaluated. The results of this study will help the Miss-Lou Association and farmers to better develop strategies for handling and marketing blueberries in the future. It will assist the Miss-Lou Association in determining the number, size, and locations of drop stations/shipping points with change in production each year.Marketing,

Students’ Perception about Institutional Repository and Impact of Electronic Contents on their Research: A Pakistani Perspective

This manuscript aims to investigate the students’ opinion about the Institutional Repository (IR) and the participants’ opinion about the impact of e- resources on their research work. Quantitative research design was employed to collect the data about students’ perception regarding IR and qualitative research design was utilized to explore the students’ opinion about the impact of e-resources on their research work. A questionnaire and an interview guide were utilized to collect the data. A convenience sampling technique was used to collect the data from two well-renowned Pakistani universities’ students. Total 84% of the respondents responded the questionnaire regarding their perception about the IR and 10 interviews were also conducted to explore the participants’ opinion about the impact of e-resources on their research work. The study focuses on the purpose of IR’s usage from the users’ point of view. Problems in using the IR and users’ satisfaction level from it were also discussed in the study. The study explored the role and advantages as well as disadvantages of the e-resources in the views of the study’s participants. This paper also highlighted the problems users faced while using the e-contents and their satisfaction level from the e-resources available in their respective institutions

Teaching Speaking Skills through Role Play at Elementary Level: An Analysis

English has won the status of International language. The quality of our expression depends on our use of speaking skills. The importance and value of speaking English have been accepted worldwide. In Pakistan, Teaching English was mainly focused upon reading and writing skills. But in today’s world, listening and speaking skills have become much more important than in the past. Recently, the value of role-play in the classroom situation has become mandatory to make the teaching-learning process easy, attractive, and interesting. The implementation of role-play was expected to be an effective way to improve the learners’ speaking skills. So in the present study, the focus is on this matter whether the use of role play can be beneficial in bringing a positive change in the teaching-learning process of speaking skills for elementary level learners. The collective problems of the teachers and students during speaking English were the main focus of the study. 360 students and twenty teachers of Bahawalpur region participated in this study. Pre-test, post-test, and questionnaire were used as a tool to collect the data from the respondents. The findings of the study showed that there was a significant difference between pre-test and post-test results. It was suggested that speech practice with the help of role play should be encouraged at the elementary level

Simulation of Complex Heat Transfer Phenomenon across the Composite Wall by Using COMSOL Multiphysics

Steady state complex heat transfer phenomenon across a cold storage composite wall has been studied by using COMSOL 5.0 Multiphysics simulation software. The layers of composite wall are built with three different materials, pine, cork board and concrete. Inside and outside surface temperatures of composite wall are T1 = 255K and T4 = 298 K respectively. Without including convective resistance heat flux value is 17.15 W/m2 and with convective resistance it is reduced to 12.12 W/m2. The temperature profiles in each composite layer are linear at constant thermal conductivities. But it has been observed that this trend is changed when thermal conductivities are the function of temperature. COMSOL Multiphysics simulator results are compared with analytical results

Users’ Perception and Satisfaction with Higher Education Commission Pakistan Research Repository (PRR): problems and opportunities

The purpose of this study was to know the users’ perception, awareness, purpose, problems, and satisfaction with Pakistan Research Repository (PRR). To meet the purpose, study was conducted in multiple phases. In the first phase, literature review was done. And, on the bases of reviewed literature, a semi structured questionnaire was developed. Data was collected via online survey from 400 users (LIS professionals & library users of Pakistan) of PRR. A convenience sampling method was used. The useable responses were 384 (96%). Results of the study revealed that majority (36.2 %) of the respondents came to know about PRR through library staff. Similarly, majority (74%) of the respondents agreed that they accessed the PRR to retrieve the material but a good number (19%) of participants responded that they accessed the PRR for both (to deposit & retrieve) purposes. The current study is first one in Pakistan of its type in terms of topic as no study has been conducted yet on this national program i.e. PRR. The study focuses on the importance of PRR from the users’ point of view. Problems and users’ satisfaction level with PRR are also discussed in the study

Geo-spatial analysis of rainfall variability in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan

This paper explores geo-spatial analysis of rainfall variability in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. The concern region lies in the north-west of Pakistan and frequently faced the challenges of floods each year. This is an attempt to find out the rainfall trend and fluctuation which is one of the prime indicator of climate change. For this study, the daily rainfall data comprises of almost five decades (1975-2015). For achieving the study objectives, daily, monthly and mean annual rainfall data were analyzed using Mann-Kendall and Standard Deviation combined. Additionally, to further process the rainfall data spatio-statistically, GIS technology has been applied. The analysis specifies that a positive rainfall detected in the meteorological stations of Peshawar, Dir, Chitral, Drosh, Kakul and Saidu, whereas the moderate rainfall trend is detected in Cherat, Bannu, and Balakot. The remaining stations expressed no obvious trend, due to low time period of data

Measuring Customer Satisfaction w.r.t Restaurant Industry in Bahawalpur

Purpose of the study The purpose of the study is to determine the factors that explain customer satisfaction in the restaurant industry in Bahawalpur. Methodology Structured questionnaire technique was used to determine the customer satisfaction. Data was gathered through snowball sampling and the model is tested. SPSS software analysis is used to determine the means and results are interpreted. Findings The average means of various restaurants in all five SERQUAL dimension suggested that which restaurant is more reliable, responsive, empathetic, assured and full of tangibles in the Bahawalpur Restaurant Industry. Limitations and Implications The research was conducted in particular geographical area. The findings help managers to invest their resources more efficiently, making changes to crucial quality attribute that elicit the customer satisfaction level. Keywords: SERVQUAL Dimensions, Satisfaction, Quality, Pric